Quantum Tunneling
Do electronic integrated chips as come to end ?
If it happens what are the other ways?
Actually what is Quantum tunneling ?
Let's see.
*From the day to day life we know how much drastically technology get improving .when we observe from the beginning of human life. the technology improved until the 20th century same technology improved in 21st century .and also according to some estimation how much technology improved in 21st century same technology improved in coming next 20 years....
When we talk about electronics it is like before invention of transistor and after invention of transistor...
Since from 1965 more's law predicted that every 2 years transistor size become half of its size....
We all know transistor work as a switch. because of that switching action transistors used in processors.
After some years FET(field effect transistor) are used in processors rather using of transistor.
The distance between the source and drain called the channel. the average length of the channel measure in nanometer
The size of chips are decreased year by year here you can see in below chat...
Lets see what are the advantages by integrating large number of transistors in single silicon chip...
Low power consumption, increase in speed and accuracy , fast data transfer with low linkage current. ,low data malfunction and many more if u see semiconductor manufacturing process the size of chip come in size of 5nm in 2020.that means there are only 35 atoms in channel where in 3nm only 15 atom's
For understanding how munch small a transistor see image below
When we compare transistor with RBC(red blood cell)then you can see how small a transistor so, we are dealing with quantum size .here is an another example.
This is the image of a hair comparing with the transistor....
Initially we used planner transistor that we control electrons through bottom only after that we developed ..
FET technology
We can control the flow of electrons by top left and right .it is like standing pin then we developed gafet technology
Gafet(gate all around field effect transistor)
Through this we can control flow of electrons by all sides here how it look
So we decreasing the length of transistor which is almost equal to size of an atom ..
The chip size :14nm,12nm,8nm,5nm,3nm.
Most of the electronic materials made up of silicon the diameter of silicon is about 1.5 nanometer.
We almost equal to that silicon diameter..
Here comes the concept of quantum tunneling .
We know the flow of electrons are controlled by gate or depletion region but we almost reached in atomic level. atoms are moving mechanism
So we cannot predict... according to Isenberg uncertainty principle..so the gate or depletion region cannot stop electrons because of thin in size so they create an hole and move out side of the depletion regions so there is no possible of switching action hence the transistor may not work properly .
This effect is called quantum tunneling.
Microprocessor and microcontroller cannot go beyond of this 3 nanometre..so here comes an end of chip size integration...
But there are many alternatives like quantum computing. And so on .
I hope u understand the concept of quantum tunnelling and what are the effects of quantum tunneling if u have any doubts comment below I will try to explain it. thank you